杜牧的清明诗已成清明的标识诗,所以英译不计其数。
笔者读过的英译本,就有二十多个版本之多。当中对清明一词儿的翻译,也见五花八门,各有发挥:有音译的如The Qingming Festival、 Qingming Day ;有意译的如Pure Brightness Day、 The Clear-and-Bright Feast ; 也有按功能译的如The Mourning Day、The Tomb-visiting Day、The Tomb-sweeping Day;甚至有别开生面将“清明”译为“All Souls' Day”,化用了西方“万圣节”的名字“All Saints' Day”的。
个人觉得,最不可取者是音译,只因洋人看了会摸不着头脑。功能译方面,译为“扫墓日”,本来会产生交代不清的问题,皆因中国人的扫墓日,除了春季的清明,还有一个秋季的重阳。然而重阳已经有一个相当好的译名:Double Ninth Festival,所以 Tomb-sweeping day专门配给清明用,也无不可了。
至于译文方面,各有千秋。芸芸译作中,个人觉得以下的一首好像比较优秀:
The Mourning Day
By Du Mu
吴伟雄译
It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,
The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?
A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.
然而,小酒家译作 wineshop 语义不是太准确,它可以解作卖酒的酒铺,不是吃酒的地方。如译作 tavern会恰当得多。另外这译本也未能做到还原原诗的一韵到底。
以下的译本,便做到一韵到底了。而“雨纷纷”译为“ drizzles running ‘nd flying”也比“drizzles thick and fast ”更优美,不过非常可惜的是,这译本错用了Almond作杏花,叫人难以接受:
Tomb Sweeping Day
By Du Mu
Tr. Peter Jingcheng Xu (许景城译)
Tomb Sweeping Day sees drizzles running ‘nd flying,
and hearts lost in gloom, mourners on paths crying.
“Any tavern near and far?”I ask a boy,
who points to Almond Bloom Vill beyond eyeing.